一 | (Yonhap)South Korea’s business sentiment rose to its highest level in nearly four years in August, driven by improving confidence in the manufacturing sector led by semiconductors, increased passenger demand during the summer vacation season, and a recovery in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector.According to the Bank of Korea on Wednesday, the composite business sentiment index (CBSI) for all industries rose 1.1 points from July to 99.6 in August. It was the highest level since September 2022, when the index stood at 102, marking a second straight monthly increase after falling 1.2 points in June and rising 0.8 points in July.The CBSI is a measure of corporate sentiment calculated from five major indicators for manufacturing and four for non-manufacturing. A reading above the 2003-2025 average of 100 signals optimism, while a reading below 100 signals pessimism.The BOK noted that manufacturing, led by semiconductors, has driven the recovery in business sentiment since the downturn in late 2022, while nonmanufacturing also improved this month, pushing overall sentiment to a nearly four-year high.The manufacturing CBSI rose 0.6 point to 103.8 in August, extending its gains to five straight months and reaching its highest level since June 2022, when it was 107.1. It has stayed above its long-term average of 100 for four months after surpassing it in May at 100.8, its first reading above 100 in three years and nine months.Higher finished-product inventories, up 0.6 point, and improved financial conditions, up 0.4 point, drove the August gain.The CBSI for large companies fell 1.6 points to 103.7, ending a five-month rise, while the index for small and midsize enterprises rose 2.2 points to 99.8, its highest since June 2023, when it was 103.2. Sentiment among small and midsize enterprises has risen for two straight months since July.The CBSI for export-oriented companies rose 1 point to 108.5, its highest since May 2022, when it was 114. The index for domestic-oriented companies fell 0.6 point to 99.4.The BOK, however, called the declines at large and domestic-oriented companies temporary, saying sentiment has broadly improved across companies of all sizes and both export- and domestic-oriented businesses since the start of the year.The nonmanufacturing CBSI rose 1.5 points to 96.7, rebounding after two straight monthly declines from May’s 97.5. Higher sales, up 0.6 point, and improved financial conditions, up 0.5 point, led the gain.The BOK said nonmanufacturing sentiment improved more sharply as transportation and passenger demand increased during the summer vacation season and the broadcasting, film and services industries recovered.Among manufacturers, sentiment in electronics, video and telecommunications equipment improved on higher printed circuit board prices and the use of stockpiled inventories as operating rates were reduced during the vacation season.Food products also improved as the exchange rate lowered prices for imported ingredients and selling prices rose for products including processed meat.In nonmanufacturing, transportation and warehousing sentiment improved on higher ocean freight rates and increased passenger demand, while information and communications sentiment rose on better performance among video, broadcasting and IT service companies.The outlook for September also improved, with the all-industry CBSI forecast rising 3.1 points from August to 99.6. The manufacturing outlook rose 2 points to 102.5 and the nonmanufacturing outlook 3.9 points to 97.6.The Economic Sentiment Index (ESI), which combines the BSI and Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI), rose 1.5 points to 99.4 in August. Its seasonally adjusted cyclical component rose 0.4 points to 96.9, the highest since September 2022, when it was 97.9.The survey was conducted from August 10 to 18 among 3,524 companies nationwide, with 3,170 responding, including 1,770 manufacturers and 1,400 nonmanufacturers.。
二 | 애플, 2나노 기반 M6 및 쿼드 다이 M5 울트라 공개[디지털데일리 김문기기자] 애플이 2나노미터(nm) 공정 기반 M6와 쿼드 다이 아키텍처를 적용한 M5 울트라(M5 Ultra) 시스템온칩(SoC)을 25일(현지시간) 공개했다.M6는 2나노 공정으로 제작된 칩이다. 2개의 슈퍼 코어와 4개의 성능 코어, 6개의 효율 코어로 구성된 12코어 중앙처리장치(CPU)를 탑재했다. 멀티스레드 성능은 M5 대비 최대 1.2배, M1 대비 최대 2.4배 빠르다. 각 코어에 뉴럴 액셀러레이터(Neural Accelerator)를 내장한 12코어 그래픽처리장치(GPU)와 듀얼 16코어 뉴럴 엔진(Neural Engine)을 갖췄다. AI용 GPU 컴퓨팅 성능은 M5 대비 약 30%, M1 대비 8배 이상 향상됐다. 통합 메모리는 최대 32GB를 지원하며 통합 메모리 대역폭은 초당 최대 170기가바이트(170GB/s)에 달한다.M5 울트라는 차세대 울트라퓨전(UltraFusion) 기술로 듀얼 다이 M5 맥스(M5 Max) 칩 2개를 연결해 SoC 최초로 쿼드 다이 아키텍처를 구현했다. 다이 간 대역폭은 초당 4.4테라바이트(4.4TB/s) 이상을 지원한다. 최대 36코어 CPU와 각 코어에 뉴럴 액셀러레이터를 내장한 최대 80코어 GPU, 32코어 뉴럴 엔진을 탑재했다. AI용 GPU 컴퓨팅 성능은 M3 울트라 대비 최대 4.5배 높다.최대 512GB 통합 메모리와 1.2TB/s의 통합 메모리 대역폭을 지원해 거대언어모델(LLM)을 온디바이스에서 구동할 수 있다. 미디어 엔진은 하드웨어 가속형 H.264 및 HEVC, 4개의 프로레스(ProRes) 인코딩·디코딩 엔진, 하드웨어 가속형 AV1 디코딩을 지원한다.개발자 생태계 지원을 위해 코어 AI, 코어 ML, 메탈(Metal), 엑스코드(Xcode) 등 애플 개발자 프레임워크와 도구를 제공한다. 개발자는 M6의 듀얼 16코어 뉴럴 엔진과 M5 울트라의 대용량 메모리 풀을 활용해 온디바이스에서 대규모 AI 모델을 구동하고 최적화할 수 있다.스리 산타남(Sri Santhanam) 애플 실리콘 엔지니어링 그룹 담당 부사장은 "오늘 한층 진화한 M6와 역대 가장 강력한 M 시리즈 칩인 M5 울트라를 선보이며 애플 실리콘의 성능과 AI 컴퓨팅에 또 한 번 획기적인 도약을 이뤄냈다"며, "첨단 2나노미터 공정으로 제작된 M6는 새로운 CPU 구성과 각각 2개씩 추가된 CPU 및 GPU 코어, 듀얼 16코어 뉴럴 엔진, 확장된 통합 메모리 대역폭을 결합해 탁월한 에너지 효율로 워크로드를 빠르게 처리한다"고 말했다.이어, "M5 울트라는 궁극의 데스크탑 성능과 대규모 AI 모델 구동을 위해 뉴럴 액셀러레이터를 탑재한 강력한 GPU와 확장된 통합 메모리 대역폭을 갖춰, 데스크탑의 가능성을 새로운 차원으로 끌어올린다"고 전했다.。
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